Identify the various constructs and concepts involved in the study
Concepts and constructs are used to not only define but to summarize measures that are attributing to
people that use and experience values. Concept is generally accepted in collections of meanings
associated with certain events, objects, situations, or behaviors. Constructs are an abstract idea
specifically invented for a given research and or theory building purpose. We build constructs by
combining simpler, more concept concepts, especially when the idea or image we intend to convey is not
subject to direct observation (Schindler, 2022).
People generally create their own understandings when it comes to concepts and though even with
research it cannot be particularly based on one’s opinion. The various methods used in this particular
study appear to be the constructs and are measured by the accidents, intersecting roads, traffic volumes,
injuries, loss, death, definitions of terms and severities. Including the need for initiative-taking road
safety studies and human safety. Proverbs 25:2 It is the glory of God to conceal things, but the glory of
the kings is to search things out (New International Version & Version, 2011).
Considerable research is needed in bridging this lack of knowledge and identifying constructs attributing
to the specific aspects (Aldulaimi,2019).
What hypothesis might drive the research of once of the cities on the top 10 dangerous intersections
list?
In research, the applications of inferential statistics must be provided in order to answer research related
questions and concerns. It is what inferential analysis that researchers than may develop their
hypothesis. Empirically testable hypotheses: a way exists to gather evidence that directly supports/
refutes any hypotheses (Schindler, 2022). State farms determines the scopes of research by eliminating
any limitations that would render the data and countless studies conducted over the effects of a
particular experiment. Hypotheses used allowed State Farm to address what methods would best utilize
to conduct and choose the sources of primary data and ever- changing census database. Reviews of
timelines of data collections can be of concern as most of this data is older data and may not provide
quality to volumes in the area to date that might contribute to the amount of traffic at these
intersections. For instance, nearby to my home there was a chick fil a put in a few years back and the
amount of traffic this backed up on major road was creating standstills and high volumes which I would
bet increased traffic accidents in the area as well. However, I have driven in this area in the last year and
noticed there is now an additional lane of its own in place of those turning vehicles and impacts through
traffic to be able to utilize the road as before the traffic volume was so heavy.
We hypothesize that safety of LHT and RHT can be associated with neurophysiology. We summarize
scattered empirical research into plausible links between neurophysiological aspects such as
handedness, eye movement bias, and hemispheric lateralization and how safe, in theory, LHT vs. RHT
may be for whom (Lewis, Shaw, Wild, & Erren, 2020).
Because the study focused on road safety engineering, the first study seemed to have ignored accident
severity and made no attempt to isolate demographic or geographic factors related to the accident. It
also took state farms own internal incident reports, not at any public records involving police incident
reports (Schindler, 2022). This meaning that those incidents that were not reported to insurance in any
given intersection were not placed into the mix.
Evaluate the methodology for state farms’ research
Not all researchers are comfortable with every plausible methodology, so they stay within their comfort
zone (Schindler, 2022). State farms research must be formal and valid and incorporate honest research
design techniques. Perhaps starting with the databases that State Farm has of their own and develops
data based off dangerous intersections by gauging the primary data of their warehouse databases.
Though this data can be helpful, it can also spark further limitations to the information gathered. There
are not only observational reports provided by their adjusters, but also implies lack of information on if
the accidents were in regard to the high traffic intersection. State farm continues to exclude data that
might be from highway access roads or establishing controls of other variables. Perhaps, the need to
propose a methodology that combines both empirical experiments and theoretical models to construct
the fundamental diagram for automated vehicle traffic (Shi & Li, 2021).
The first study by State Farm only focused on their insured, drive at fault accidents and ignoring accident
severity and demographic and or geographic needs. Police reports were not utilized because they lacked
the structures that differed between the jurisdictions. The measures were simply adopted to sample
better results, accuracy, and further data collections. Once initial studies were completed, State Farm
utilized transportation engineering to create and form point scale accident severities and were able to
have further insights to payouts of claims between low and high severity grouping.
If you were state farm, how would you address the concerns of transportation engineers?
Using the information from the first method, State Farm could seek out future focused groups based on
the most effective cities to determine the best preventative methods for the future. Road safety analysis
is necessary for human safety and budget allocation procedures (Shah, Ahmad, Shen, Kamal, Basheer &
Brijs, 2019).
Additionally, in efforts to support the studies and future transportation needs analysis of the accidents to
include geographic factors, traffic volumes as a whole, accident rates, costs of the accident to show the
impact financially/ and to the bodies of the vehicles, create databases that have information and
tracking of severities of the accidents in the intersections involved. Romans 12:2 Do not be conformed to
this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by evaluating you may discern what is
the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect (New International Version & Version, 2011).
If you were state farm, would you use traffic volume counts as part of the 2003 study? What concerns,
other than those expressed by Nepomuceno, do you have?
If this were my insurance company, I would utilize traffic volume and support of the factors to which are
needed in order to track accurate accident reporting. High volume traffic areas and roads like I
mentioned in my local area are relatively prevalent to more crashes. Though some might see this
information to be costly and not effective there are other side to the factors and perhaps the
department of transportation’s would be willing to contribute to these costs and studies. If crashes
continue to occur this is not only affecting the parties involved in the crash, but they are also affecting
the transportation department, law enforcement, fire personal and ambulance personals to report to
the scenes and clear the scenes. In the event of severe injury, other resources come into play such as
hospital staffing and auto body shops, health care clinics and rehabilitation services and more. Utilizing
many resources and time and management and taking away from something that might have been
prevented had the research and study been conducted in the interests of the communities.
As demonstrated in other nations, road traffic crashes and fatalities can be mitigated through a focused
program of RTI research that identifies and supports implementation of strategies designed to reduce
the magnitude and severity of road traffic crashes and fatalities (Butt, Ashiq, Rehman, Minhas & Ajmal
Khan, 2020).
References
Aldulaimi, S. H. (2019). Leadership concept and constructs in Arabic philosophy. Journal of Economic
Cooperation & Development, 40(2), 193-210.
Butt, F. M., Ashiq, M., Rehman, S. U., Minhas, K. S., & Ajmal Khan, M. (2020). Bibliometric analysis of
road traffic injuries research in the gulf cooperation council region [version 2; peer review: 3
approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000 Research, 9, 1155-
1155. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25903.2
Lewis, P., Shaw, D. M., Wild, U., & Erren, T. C. (2020). (side) effects of the rule of the road and
neurophysiology on traffic safety: A hypothesis. Environmental Research, 183, 109246-
109246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109246
New International Version, & Version, N. I. (2011). NIV Bible eBook (New International Version).
Amsterdam University Press.
Schindler, P. S. (2022). Business research methods (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Shah, S. A. R., Ahmad, N., Shen, Y., Kamal, M. A., Basheer, M. A., & Brijs, T. (2019). Relationship between
road traffic features and accidents: An application of two-stage decision-making approach for
transportation engineers. Journal of Safety Research, 69, 201-
215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.01.001
Shi, & Li, X. (2021). Constructing a fundamental diagram for traffic flow with automated vehicles:
Methodology and demonstration. Transportation Research., 150, 279–292.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2021.06.011
REPLY = 450-600 WORDS, 2 PEER REVIEWED SOURCES AND 1 BIBLICAL APPLICATION
Reply #1
Hallie,
Thank you for your thoughts and participation in the discussions this week regarding State Farm. I liked
to see your view and resources that you were able to find to link to your understanding, logics, and
methodology of the case. It is also evident that what we have learned this week in our studies of the
textbook are able to be applied in this case.
It is with immense pleasure to go through the concepts, hypotheses, methodology, transportation
engineering and traffic volume with you. In starting with our concepts and constructs I had noted and
referenced that Constructs are an abstract idea specifically invented for a given research and or theory
building purpose. We build constructs by combining simpler, more concept concepts, especially when
the idea or image we intend to convey is not subject to direct observation (Schindler, 2022).
1 Thessalonians 5:21 But examine everything carefully; hold fast to which is good (New International
Version & Version, 2011). As you mentioned, before generating a hypothesis sit is important to note that
unsubstantiated assumption about the relationship between concepts and constructs; it drives the
research (Schindler, 2022).
Aside from the money and the grants that could be used by state farm to fund the projects, how does
this make you feel to know that there are 10 most dangerous intersections in the United States? Did you
happen to see the research compared to other countries? Now, this research remains only as liable as
the sources. For instance, this information is being gathered by only policy holders whom which filed a
claim and the averages of demographics of where the accident occurred and how this was impacted to
the level of dangerous. As demonstrated in other nations, road traffic crashes and fatalities can be
mitigated through a focused program of RTI research that identifies and supports implementation of
strategies designed to reduce the magnitude and severity of road traffic crashes and fatalities (Butt,
Ashiq, Rehman, Minhas & Ajmal Khan, 2020).
Though this case study is outdated per say, do you believe that studies today would have reduction in
numbers? Different intersections? I know that locally there is even signage on some of the intersections
stating something to the effect of “Dangerous intersection, High crash volumes, use caution” usually
these intersections also contain camera footage and would be able to assist in the severity of the
accidents occurring.
I believe that up to date information is needed to have current statistics and research. Using the
information from the first method, State Farm could seek out future focused groups based on the most
effective cities to determine the best preventative methods for the future. Road safety analysis is
necessary for human safety and budget allocation procedures (Shah, Ahmad, Shen, Kamal, Basheer &
Brijs, 2019).
There are always opportunities for safety in transportation and traffic research and prevention. Proverbs
24:3 By wisdom a house is built, and by understanding it is established (New International Version &
Version, 2011).
References
Butt, F. M., Ashiq, M., Rehman, S. U., Minhas, K. S., & Ajmal Khan, M. (2020). Bibliometric analysis of
road traffic injuries research in the gulf cooperation council region [version 2; peer review: 3
approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000 Research, 9, 1155-
1155. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25903.2
New International Version, & Version, N. I. (2011). NIV Bible eBook (New International Version).
Amsterdam University Press.
Schindler, P. S. (2022). Business research methods (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Shah, S. A. R., Ahmad, N., Shen, Y., Kamal, M. A., Basheer, M. A., & Brijs, T. (2019). Relationship between
road traffic features and accidents: An application of two-stage decision-making approach for
transportation engineers. Journal of Safety Research, 69, 201-
215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.01.001
Reply #2
Marshall,
Thank you for your thoughts and participation in the discussions this week regarding State Farm. Great
understanding, logics, and methodology of the case. It is also great and truly evident to read and apply
what we have learned this week in our studies of the textbook are able to be applied in this case. In
regard to our outtakes and personal outlooks on what this case brought I am excited to speak to this case
with you.
You mention the possibility for fatigue, and distracting drivers. Stating these are in-vehicle media, which
is supposed to help combat fatigue, also contributing to distracting drivers. These in-vehicle distractions I
agree that might cause and add onto the current research that could be provided in order to define what
caused the accident. Many vehicles now come with a 10+ inch screen to change the music, play videos,
applications and more. GPS is often available and causes enough distractions to a driver I personally feel
when the directions are not making sense and or you are entirely unfamiliar with the area and are
needing to make turns consistently. Proverbs 25:2 It is the glory of God to conceal a matter, But the glory
of kings is to search out the matter (New International Version & Version, 2011).
We hypothesize that safety of LHT and RHT can be associated with neurophysiology. We summarize
scattered empirical research into plausible links between neurophysiological aspects such as
handedness, eye movement bias, and hemispheric lateralization and how safe, in theory, LHT vs. RHT
may be for whom (Lewis, Shaw, Wild, & Erren, 2020).
In regard to the transportation engineers, I feel as if they are incredibly important to the industry and
conclusions that come about if things are drawn out and escalated if needed. You mentioned how you
would strongly approach concerns from transportation engineers with caution because of the costs that
can occur by hiring such. However, Using the information from the first method, State Farm could seek
out future focused groups based on the most effective cities to determine the best preventative
methods for the future. Road safety analysis is necessary for human safety and budget allocation
procedures (Shah, Ahmad, Shen, Kamal, Basheer & Brijs, 2019). Additionally, you mention if the
importance of any study and the data needed in order obtain accurate information. It is what inferential
analysis that researchers than may develop their hypothesis. Empirically testable hypotheses: a way
exists to gather evidence that directly supports/ refutes any hypotheses (Schindler, 2022).
Together, I believe research and data are needed in the development of any dangerous traffic areas in
order to limit the level of recurrence for future drives and the impacts this could have on families, the
city and more in order to have good flow of traffic, traffic abiding drivers and more, this means there are
a lot of pieces to the puzzle then just research. This would include the hiring of staff to monitor the
areas, the access to the cameras and video footage needed in order to maintain a less dangerous
intersection.
There is a lot of information given to us in this particular case study, however there is also a lack of
information given as this study does not seem to apply fully to the ability of what is accessible to this day
for the Department of transportation and to the civilians of which are driving the vehicles, the
pedestrians that might be walking in the area.
This is where the research and data developments take a lot of time to develop, and information needs
to be further gathered. Romans 12:2 Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the
renewal of your mind, that by evaluating you may discern what is the will of God, what is good,
acceptable, and perfect (New International Version & Version, 2011).
References
Lewis, P., Shaw, D. M., Wild, U., & Erren, T. C. (2020). (side) effects of the rule of the road and
neurophysiology on traffic safety: A hypothesis. Environmental Research, 183, 109246-
109246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109246
New International Version, & Version, N. I. (2011). NIV Bible eBook (New International Version).
Amsterdam University Press.
Schindler, P. S. (2022). Business research methods (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill.\
Shah, S. A. R., Ahmad, N., Shen, Y., Kamal, M. A., Basheer, M. A., & Brijs, T. (2019). Relationship between
road traffic features and accidents: An application of two-stage decision-making approach for
transportation engineers. Journal of Safety Research, 69, 201-
215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.01.001
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