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Annotated Bibliography - Project Communication Plan
Kaylan Bales
Liberty University Online
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References
Burningham, G. (2016, June 2). Kevin Kelly and soft singularity and inevitable tech advances.
Newsweek.
Newsweek is a very trusted news source for news-related content and has been a magazine for nearly 80
years and has interests within that of international issues, technology, business, culture and politics.
According to Burningham, “I would say that technology in its current history, the past, now, the future, is
a reflection of the divine. It is, in the same way that we might say nature is a reflection of the divine, if
you believe in the divine as I do” (“Kevin Kelly on the singularity and inevitable tech advances”, 2016).
This source will play an important role because we must discuss the changes of technology before we
can even discuss that of a communication plan. Technology plays such a huge role in ensuring that
communication plans stay on target from that of using emails to that of using a Google Doc to ensure
that information is conveyed correctly and timely.
Dianova, Y. (2017, July 7). 6 steps to creating an effective communication plan. Axia Public Relations, the
expert PR agency for national companies. https://www.axiapr.com/blog/6-steps-to-creating-an-
effective-communication-plan
The author of this article holds her Master’s degree and is a public relations professional who is skilled in
building relationships with target audiences. This article discusses the six ways to develop an effective
communication plan. These six ways include performing a situational analysis, defining objects, defining
key audiences, which may include members/non-members, clients, related associations, educators, local
government officials, and media representatives; identifying media channels, establish a timeline, and
evaluate the results. The objectives of the plan needs to be SMART. This stands for Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic, and Time-focused. The first step includes situational analysis, which includes,
“Conduct an audit to evaluate where you currently stand in terms of communications. You need to
gather and analyze all relevant information within your company” (para. 1).
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Frost, S. (2020). How important are communication plans for project managers? Small Business -
Chron.com. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/important-communication-plans-project-
managers-37520.html
This article was written from the perspective of a small business that would need project
managers and a communication plan. The author holds a Bachelors of Arts in Education and has been
writing research articles since 2007 (About the Author). “Communication plays an integral role in
keeping a project on task” (para. 1). By using this communication plan, the business can realize their
true goals and the needs for their business, which is really important in small business due to a much
smaller financial pool than that of a larger corporation, such as Wal-Mart. The need for all
communication plans include expectations, consistency, productivity, and outcome. The outcome is the
most important because it shows that the project was completed and the goal was met. “Without
proper communication with all stakeholders, you might fail to meet the requirements of the project. You
need clear communication from the stakeholders to figure out exactly what they want and need from
the project” (Outcome).
Grant, A. M., & Meadows, J. H. (2016). Communication and Technology Update and Fundamentals (15th
ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Grant and Meadows give a detailed history of the establishment of the current social media network,
while also going into detail about the roots of where social media networking came from. Social media
networking began in the 1969 by a man named Jack Wilkins, who wanted to increase his father-in-law’s
insurance business by allowing people to share computer files and ideas. This developed over the years
as personal computers became more accessible and less expensive for the general public and not just for
businesses. The boom for social media networking did not hit until the 1980s and through the early
1990s when bulletin board systems (BBSs), such as America Online (AOL) were created for people to
meet and share ideas online within an online chat board.
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The social media boom that we currently know today though did not take off until 1996 with
SixDegrees.com. This was a basic format where each person had their own profile for their friends and
then one for the friends of friends. It was free to use for users. It was ultimately shut down in 2001, but
spurred the platforms that we know today of Friendster, MySpace, Linkedin, Facebook, and Twitter (p.
270).
LaPrad, L. (2018, June 26). How to create a project management communication plan. Online Gantt
Chart Software | TeamGantt. https://www.teamgantt.com/blog/project-management-
communication-plan
The author of this article is part of a marketing team called TeamGanntt, which shows on their
website several successful marketing campaigns that have been conducted by their team for outside
companies. This gives a basic outline of what comes with a project management communication plan.
This includes the written document, the need for visibility of the project and the status, feedback,
productivity in meetings, and making sure that the project meets and aligns with any set goals. In today’s
fast-paced and modern world filled with many different forms of technology, there are many different
ways to ensure that the members of a project team can communicate effectively. This includes emails,
meetings, which can be virtual, in-person, or on the phone, discussion boards, status reports,
collaboration apps, to-do lists, and surveys. All of these can ensure that the team is communicating
regularly about the project to be able to complete it.
Lesko, C. J., & Hollingsworth, Y. A. (2011). A new approach to communications management planning
through 3D web and Semantic Web technologies. Journal of Management and
Strategy, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.5430/jms.v2n3p25
The authors of this journal article are both professors at East Carolina University. The article is
also supported by credible sources and has also been published by the Journal of Management and
Strategy. “Communication management plans are used to determine not only who needs what
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information but also how that information will be collected and transmitted. Now two evolving
technologies are looking to drive project planners to develop new approaches and methods for planning
communications in the coming years” (Abstract). Technology, especially the reliance of internet within
the workplace and at home, is changing and so are methods of communications for everyone, especially
during the current pandemic. People are utilizing more sources of communication than ever. This article
also discusses how important it is to have the skills to be able to communicate effectively to others on
their team and potential clients. “Today's project leaders are also being challenged to embrace and plan
for many new and evolving web-based technologies” (para. 2).
Nutcache. (2019, May 28). Five reasons that justify the importance of communication in project
management. https://www.nutcache.com/blog/five-reasons-justify-importance-
communication-project-management/
This article was written by an editorial team at the company who has composed over 150 articles
on the website so far. This company is in the business of selling project management software to other
companies. The article discusses five reasons why communication is important within project
management, which can include that of actual verbal communication or non-verbal communication.
Both of which are just as important as the other. These include the relaying of information, receiving of
the relayed information, any change in situation, the discussion of problems, and the bridge of language
gap. This is such an important one because you want everyone on your team to be speaking the
language per say. “The language gap in project management lies in the distance that hinders
understanding business benefits. The challenges of using language to deliver information that is often
unclear and filled with project management jargon raises the importance of project communication”
(para. 6).
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Rajkumar, S. (2010). Art of communication in project management. Paper presented at PMI® Research
Conference: Defining the Future of Project Management, Washington, DC. Newtown Square, PA:
Project Management Institute.
This article was written in 2010 by an employee of the Project Management Institution. This
gives the indication that the facts presented within this article are factual. There are also multiple
sources listed at the end that also give this indication. The main point of this article shows the
importance of having an effective project management plan that involves communication throughout
the duration of the project because the key to an successful project is that of communication. “About
90% of the time in a project is spent on communication by the project manager” (Abstract). In order to
have an effective communication plan within the project, one must first use the 5Ws and 1H. The 5Ws
are that What, Why, Who, Where, When and How. These questions will need to be answered by the end
of the project in order for the project to be successful. “It saves time and money, makes life easier, makes
you more profitable, and it just makes sense!” (Conclusion).
Techlawe Web Development. (2015, March 18). Importance of communication plan in project
management. https://techlawe.com/importance-of-communication-plan-in-project-
management/
This article comes from the web development company that has shown successful projects and
clients on their website. They highlight the need for communication plans in project management
through this article. “Clear communication will figure out exactly what the stakeholders want and need
from the project. Efficient uninterrupted communication plan would ensure that the results will meet
the expectations promptly” (para. 4). One important aspect of this article is the showing of the setting
the tone of the project with a clear communication plan. This is the most important step because it will
be the allowing factor of the control throughout the project because this will impact every single person
that is part of the project. Something new that comes from this article is that of including certain
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stakeholders of the company within the decisions of the communication plans, which is an interesting
take on this due to stakeholders not working as closely with project managers depending on the project.
Zulch, B. (2014). Communication: The foundation of project management. Procedia Technology, 16,
1000-1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.10.054
This journal article was a study performed to show that communication is the foundation of all
project management. The article has multiple sources from trusted sources to show the credibility of the
research, but also is published due to the findings. The author is a Lecturer, Department of Quantity
Surveying and Construction Management, University of the Free State. The research within this article
shows that there is a huge need for communication within any type of project, and it states, “areas of
cost, scope and time, and quality, which are the results of the interrelationship between scope, cost and
time” (Abstract). These are the most value portions of the communication within the project due their
lasting impact on the goals and findings of the project. “The conclusion and recommendation of this
research paper is that communication is needed to effectively communicate the areas of cost, scope and
time, and quality” (Abstract).
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